Land measurement units vary a great deal across India from region to region.
The following traditional units are used most frequently in land transactions.
Katha = 80 square yards
Nalli = 240 square yards
Bhigha = 1600 square yards
Acre = 4800 square yards
This blog is geared towards students entering the construction industry
Wednesday, June 30, 2010
Monday, June 28, 2010
Highway Construction
Highways are divided into National Highways, State Highways and District Highways.
Major types of work involved are:
1. Constructing a new highway
2. Expansion of a highway eg 4 laning of an existing 2 lane highway
3. Repairing of a highway
The major items of work are:
1. Topographical Survey of the area
2. Road Alignment and Grading to minimize cut and fill
3. Earthwork in Mass Excavation
4. Earthwork in preparation of Embankment
5. Preparation of Subgrade
6. Laying of base course
7. Laying of wearing course
8. Laying of dense bitumen macadam
9. Laying of premix carpeting.
There are number of other activities such as laying of curbstones, road siding for protection, painting of road, road signage, medians, etc.
Major types of work involved are:
1. Constructing a new highway
2. Expansion of a highway eg 4 laning of an existing 2 lane highway
3. Repairing of a highway
The major items of work are:
1. Topographical Survey of the area
2. Road Alignment and Grading to minimize cut and fill
3. Earthwork in Mass Excavation
4. Earthwork in preparation of Embankment
5. Preparation of Subgrade
6. Laying of base course
7. Laying of wearing course
8. Laying of dense bitumen macadam
9. Laying of premix carpeting.
There are number of other activities such as laying of curbstones, road siding for protection, painting of road, road signage, medians, etc.
Monday, June 7, 2010
Galvanizing
Galvanizing is process of depositing a layer of zinc coating on top of steel or iron to prevent rusting and improve the lifespan.
The thickness of zinc coating is measured in microns.
The two basic methods of achieving galvanizing are:
1. Electroplating
2. Hot-dip Galvanizing
Hot-dip galvanizing is preferred as it gives better quality of coating.
Ducts, pipes, fixtures, etc are some of the common items which are galvanized.
The thickness of zinc coating is measured in microns.
The two basic methods of achieving galvanizing are:
1. Electroplating
2. Hot-dip Galvanizing
Hot-dip galvanizing is preferred as it gives better quality of coating.
Ducts, pipes, fixtures, etc are some of the common items which are galvanized.
Thursday, June 3, 2010
Softwares Used in Construction Industry
2D Drafting Software: Autocad , ZW Cad
Rendering Software: Photoshop, Artlantis, 3D Max
BIM Softwares: Archicad, Revit
Structural Analysis Software: STAAD Pro, Etabs
Piping Software: Ceasar
Project Scheduling Software: Primavera P6, Microsoft Project
ERP Software: SAP modules of Project Systems and Material Management
The most useful software of all: MS Excel :)
To puchase these softwares in India, contact
Adroitec Information Sytems Pvt Ltd
D-194 (2nd Floor)
Okhla Industrial Area, Phase - 1,
New Delhi 110020
Tel: +91 11 47666444 , 41609231-33
Fax: +91 11 41609230
Email: info@adroitecinfo.com
http://www.adroitecinfo.com/
Rendering Software: Photoshop, Artlantis, 3D Max
BIM Softwares: Archicad, Revit
Structural Analysis Software: STAAD Pro, Etabs
Piping Software: Ceasar
Project Scheduling Software: Primavera P6, Microsoft Project
ERP Software: SAP modules of Project Systems and Material Management
The most useful software of all: MS Excel :)
To puchase these softwares in India, contact
Adroitec Information Sytems Pvt Ltd
D-194 (2nd Floor)
Okhla Industrial Area, Phase - 1,
New Delhi 110020
Tel: +91 11 47666444 , 41609231-33
Fax: +91 11 41609230
Email: info@adroitecinfo.com
http://www.adroitecinfo.com/
Wednesday, June 2, 2010
Reducing Costs in Construction
1. Freezing the architectural and structural drawing set by a certain date before start of construction. Starting the construction process without freezing the architectural and structural drawings could almost double the cost of the construction. Any design change in the middle of the project is very very expensive.
2. Minimizing discrepancies between the structural set and architectural set of drawings.
Avoids rework and change orders. Use a BIM tool such as Archicad or Revit to create a 3D model of the building
3. Decisions needs to be taken on
a) RMC or Batch Plant
b) Shuttering - Wooden or metal
c) Floor Plate should be divided in how many zones for optimal scheduling of rebar, shuttering and concreting
d) How many sets of shuttering will be required.
e) Capacity of Batch Plant and location of Batch Plant w.r.t plate
f) Tower Crane Height and Capacity.
After how much time will extra tower crane be required.
Location of tower cranes
4. Scope and Liablities of Owner and Contractor must be clearly defined and battery limit for the project must be eastablished at the earliest.
5. Siginificant savings maybe achieved in procurement of materials from local suppliers
6. Using precast walls in combination with frame structure
7. Use-fly ash bricks and fly ash concrete
2. Minimizing discrepancies between the structural set and architectural set of drawings.
Avoids rework and change orders. Use a BIM tool such as Archicad or Revit to create a 3D model of the building
3. Decisions needs to be taken on
a) RMC or Batch Plant
b) Shuttering - Wooden or metal
c) Floor Plate should be divided in how many zones for optimal scheduling of rebar, shuttering and concreting
d) How many sets of shuttering will be required.
e) Capacity of Batch Plant and location of Batch Plant w.r.t plate
f) Tower Crane Height and Capacity.
After how much time will extra tower crane be required.
Location of tower cranes
4. Scope and Liablities of Owner and Contractor must be clearly defined and battery limit for the project must be eastablished at the earliest.
5. Siginificant savings maybe achieved in procurement of materials from local suppliers
6. Using precast walls in combination with frame structure
7. Use-fly ash bricks and fly ash concrete
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